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Opossum
The opossum (Didelphis
virginiana) is the only native
North American marsupial. Marsupials
are distinguished by their abdominal
pouch used for carrying their
young. We specialize in Tampa opossum removal.
Once in your home
an opossum can cause extensive
damage. While nesting they bring
food products that will collect
and rot. They will also defecate
and urinate.
Opossum carry diseases
such as leptospirosis, tuberculosis,
relapsing fever, tularemia, spotted
fever, toxoplasmosis, coccidiosis,
trichomoniasis, and Chagas disease.
They may also be infested with
fleas, ticks, mites, and lice.
Opossum are hosts for cat and
dog fleas, especially in urban
environments.
Having an opossum
removed from your attic or home
is not a job for an amateur. Give
us a call and we will send a licensed
professional to solve your opossum
problem.
Call
today!
727-710-0373
Excerpt
from a great publication:
Opossums
Ruthe Smith and Joe Schaefer
The Virginia opossum (Didelphis
virginiana) is an interesting
animal ( Figure 1 ), though it
can be a nuisance to man, a detriment
to some wildlife, and has a name
difficult to spell. True, they
are not the cutest critters to
ever to visit our backyards, but
believe it or not, they are closely
related to the adorable koala.DescriptionThe
opossum ranges in size from 4
to 13lb (2 to 6kg), about the
size of a house cat. The body
is 15 to 20in (37 to 50cm) long,
with a tail 9 to 20 in (24 to
50cm) long. Opossums have a cone-shaped
head and a pointed snout ( Figure
1 ). Their overall color is gray--with
slight variations. Opossums have
a scaly, rat-like, prehensile
tail they use with their opposable
thumbs ( Figure 2 ) to grasp small
branches and other objects. Opossums
also have more teeth (50) than
any other North American mammal.Range
and Habitat Opossums
inhabit most of the eastern country-region
United States and can be found
throughout Florida. Probably due
to human activity, their range
is expanding northward. They can
exploit man-made structures for
shelter and eat garbage and road
kill.
Opossums use a variety of habitats:
forests, grasslands, agricultural
lands, and suburban areas. They
are nocturnal (active at night),
resting during daylight hours.
Dens for daytime use include just
about anything that provides shelter
from the sun and poor weather.
Opossums have been found in tree
stumps, hollow logs, road culverts,
attics, and even gopher tortoise
burrows.FeedingOpossums
are known as opportunistic feeders.
They will eat many different items
including bird eggs, chickens,
moles, and earthworms, insects,
snakes, grass, fruit, pet food,
and garbage. Carrion (animals
that are already dead) also is
a favorite food item.ReproductionThe
Virginia opossum is the only North
American marsupial. Like other
marsupials--such as kangaroos
and koalas--opossums give birth
to relatively underdeveloped young
which then climb along the females
belly to a pouch called a marsupium.
Within the pouch, the young attach
themselves to one of 13 milk-providing
nipples and do not let go for
about 60 days. The average litter
size is seven. Opossums have 1
to 2, and rarely 3, litters per
year during the period from January
to July.Newborns are about 1/2
inch long (1.3cm) and weigh 0.0046oz
(0.13gm). After they emerge from
the pouch they often ride on their
mother's back when she goes outside
the den. Opossums are short-lived;
a 3-year old animal is considered
elderly.Playing PossumWhen
threatened by a potentially dangerous
animal or person, opossums usually
hiss and snarl at first. If these
defense tactics do not scare off
the intruder, they may lie down,
open their mouth, and remain "lifeless"
for several minutes. This is where
the phrase "playing possum"
came from. Many predators do not
eat animals that are already dead
so they may leave the opossum
alone if it appears lifeless.ImportanceIn
the past, opossums have been hunted
for fur, food, and because they
were once thought to be significant
predators to waterfowl. Opossums
build up heavy layers of fat and
the meat is considered too greasy
for some tastes. Its use as food
is generally more popular in southern
states.Dead opossums can be seen
frequently along highways. These
animals are not fast enough to
avoid high-speed cars, and vehicle
collisions cause many deaths for
this species in urbanizing areas.
They also are prey to larger predators
such as bobcats, coyotes, and
domestic dogs.Although opossums
are nest predators, there is no
evidence to suggest that they
have a detrimental impact on wildlife
populations. They may be helpful
in reducing venomous snakes and
removing dead animals from human
populated areas. Adult opossums
are immune to the venom of copperheads,
rattlesnakes, and cottonmouths.Opossums,
like most other animals, are susceptible
to infection by the rabies virus;
however, very few rabid wild opossums
have been documented. Extremely
high doses of the virus have been
required to experimentally infect
opossums as they seem to be highly
resistant to the disease. Even
though they do not often carry
rabies, opossums can still deliver
a nasty bite.Nuisance
ProblemsOpossums are
called generalists because they
will eat just about anything they
can find. This can cause problems
in areas where humans exist. Opossums
will get into garbage cans; and
eat pet food and cultivated fruits
and vegetables. They may prey
on poultry and their eggs, and
enter homes through ripped screens
or vent and duct systems.To alleviate
these problems and keep the opossum
outside where it belongs, you
can fasten garbage can lids with
a rubber strap or bungee cord
from hardware stores, and repair
or cover holes in screens or building
foundations. Do not leave pet
food out at night. If the problem
is extreme, you can surround your
gardens with electric fencing.--------------------------
Footnotes
1. This document is WEC28, one
of a series of the Wildlife Ecology
and Conservation Department, Florida
Cooperative Extension Service,
Institute of Food and Agricultural
Sciences, University of Florida.
Original publication date June,
1991. Revised September, 2002.
Reviewed September, 2002. Revised
December, 2006. Visit the EDIS
Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
2. Ruthe Smith, former wildlife
assistant, and Joe Schaefer, Ph.
D., urban wildlife specialist,
Cooperative Extension Service,
Institute of Food and Agricultural
Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, 32611. ---------------------
Copyright
Information
This document is copyrighted by
the University of Florida, Institute
of Food and Agricultural Sciences
(UF/IFAS) for the people of the
State of Florida. UF/IFAS retains
all rights under all conventions,
but permits free reproduction
by all agents and offices of the
Cooperative Extension Service
and the people of the State of
Florida. Permission is granted
to others to use these materials
in part or in full for educational
purposes, provided that full credit
is given to the UF/IFAS, citing
the publication, its source, and
date of publication.
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